FRANKFURT (Reuters) - A protracted selloff in the shares and bonds of euro zone banks has the potential to knock the fragile economic recovery off track by raising financing costs for banks, limiting their ability to lend.
It may also undo some of what the European Central Bank has been trying to do to increase bank lending an pump up inflation via spending.Euro zone banks <.sx7e> have seen their shares plummet by nearly 30 percent and yields on their bonds surge since the start of the year, as investors worried about thinning profits and uncomfortably high levels of bad loans in some countries.The selloff makes it more expensive for banks to raise capital on the market by selling shares or bonds.If this situation were to last, it would dent banks' capacity to grow their balance sheets by extending new loans to companies and households. This would jeopardize a tentative rebound in lending driven by the ECB's ultra-easy monetary policy."This can have an impact on the economy, which is bank dependent in Europe," said Sascha Steffen, professor of finance at the University of Mannheim. "And of course it puts more pressure on the ECB because it doesn't help it bring back inflation." Bank lending in the euro zone started growing again in 2015 after shrinking for three years, but data for December data pointed to a loss of momentum.Adjusted loans to euro area residents excluding governments rose a meager 0.4 percent in the last month of 2015, the slowest pace in three months.Large euro zone banks generally hold more capital than demanded by regulators and the ECB gives them access to limit-less cash provided they have sufficient collateral. This makes a banking crisis of the kind seen in 2008 less likely to take place.But the sheer magnitude of the market rout shows investors are losing confidence in the sector.A key transmission channel is the market for Additional Tier 1 (AT1) notes - bonds that can be converted into equity under certain conditions and on which the issuer can decide whether or not to make coupon payments.Banks have relied on issuing these notes over the past few years to shore up their balance sheets and build buffers to absorb future losses.European banks have been issuing around 30-40 billion euros($33.84 billion-$45.12 billion) worth of AT1 bonds in each of the past two years.But after a sharp selloff since the beginning of the year, the supply of new issues has dried up, with Italy's Intesa Sanpaolo