Military jets from the U.S. carried out two airstrikes Friday on Islamist militants outside the Kurdish regional capital of Irbil, hours after President Obama authorized attacks against the Sunni extremists advancing on the northern Iraq city. The F/A-18 combat aircraft targeted artillery being used by militants of the Islamic State extremist group against Kurdish forces defending Irbil, the Pentagon said. It said the artillery was fired at Kurdish forces “near U.S. personnel.”
The planes dropped 500-pound laser-guided bombs at about 6:45 a.m. EDT on a “mobile artillery piece” near Irbil, said Rear Adm. John F. Kirby, the Pentagon press secretary. Islamic State fighters were “using this artillery to shell Kurdish forces defending Irbil where U.S. personnel are located,” he said in a statement. “As the president made clear, the United States military will continue to take direct action against [Islamic State militants] when they threaten our personnel and facilities.”
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Obama authorized the strikes following the launch of a powerful Islamic State offensive in northern Iraq. He also sent U.S. military aircraft to drop food and water to besieged Iraqi civilians in the region.
The U.S. airstrikes hit Islamic State positions in Makhmour, about 35 miles southwest of Irbil, said Mahmood Haji, an official at the Kurdish Interior Ministry. “This is a victory for all the Iraqi people, for the pesh merga, and for America,” he said. “We need these airstrikes to destroy their bases and vehicles so the pesh merga can move forward.” The pesh merga is the Kurdish security force.
Authorization for airdrops — an initial round of which was completed just before Obama spoke — and for airstrikes was a major development in the Iraq crisis that began in June.
A senior administration official described the airstrike authorization Thursday as “narrow” but outlined a number of broad contingencies in which they could be launched, including a possible threat to U.S. personnel in Baghdad from possible breaches in a major dam Islamist forces seized Thursday that could flood the Iraqi capital. U.S. aircraft also are authorized to launch airstrikes if the military determines that Iraqi government and Kurdish forces are unable to break the siege that has stranded tens of thousands of civilians belonging to the minority Yazidi sect atop a barren mountain outside the northern town of Sinjar.
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“As we can provide air support to relieve that pressure, the president has given the military the authority to do so,” the senior official said. He said that congressional leaders had been consulted, but that Obama had the legal authority as commander in chief to launch the strikes to protect U.S. personnel and national security interests. Obama has sent more than 700 U.S. troops to Iraq since June to protect the U.S. Embassy and international airport in Baghdad and facilities in Irbil, and to assess the capabilities of Iraqi forces.
But he repeated his pledge that no ground combat troops would be returned to Iraq, where the last U.S. forces withdrew at the end of 2011. “I know many of you are concerned about any military action in Iraq, even limited strikes like these,” he said in remarks directed at the American people. “I will not allow the United States to be dragged into fighting another war in Iraq.”
In a statement on the initial airdrops of assistance to the Sinjar civilians, the Defense Department said: “This mission was conducted from multiple airbases within the U.S. Central Command area of responsibility and included one C-17 and two C-130 aircraft that together dropped a total of 72 bundles of supplies. They were escorted by two F/A-18s also from an airbase within Central Command; the supply mission did not require any U.S. ground forces.”
The Central Command includes most of the Middle East and South Asia, where the United States maintains military installations. A second senior administration official, one of three who briefed reporters on the new authorizations on the administration-imposed condition of anonymity, said that the airdrops included enough food and water for 8,000 people and that further shipments were planned.
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“When we face a situation like we do on that mountain . . . and when we have the unique capabilities to help avert a massacre, I believe the United States of America should not turn a blind eye,” Obama said. In the briefing, officials referred to attacks against the Yazidis as “genocide.”
The administration’s swift change in policy, following weeks of reluctance to launch airstrikes, came after fighters from the Islamic State, an al-Qaeda offshoot that has taken over much of northern and western Iraqi, turned their sights this week on the semiautonomous Kurdish region in the northeast. Although Iraqi military forces have struggled to make headway against the well-armed militants, the Kurdish region has been spared until now and has been under the protection of the pesh merga.
But civilians fled and mass panic set in early Thursday when Kurdish forces retreated from Qaraqosh, the largest Christian town in Iraq, and the surrounding area, putting militants within about 40 miles of Irbil. The Islamic State also appeared to have made significant headway in efforts to seize the Mosul Dam on the Tigris River, an ailing structure whose breach could imperil the lives of hundreds of thousands of Iraqis — and everyone else in its path — in devastating floodwaters.
U.S. officials said that the administration is stepping up its military assistance to Iraqi forces and will provide aid to the pesh merga, another action that has been resisted until now as U.S. diplomats have tried to keep Iraq’s warring regions together under one flag. The Kurds have pleaded for international assistance as they increasingly lose control of the 650-mile border between them and territory already controlled by the militants.
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Extremist advances against Kurdish forces over the past week have pushed into some of the most religiously and ethnically diverse areas of Iraq, sending minorities, including Christians as well as Yazidis, fleeing from forces that have executed those they consider apostates. The Kurdish military withdrawals have highlighted the fragility of the region’s defenses. Known as some of the fiercest and most professional fighters in the region, the pesh merga now complain of being short on ammunition and outgunned by militants who have seized caches of advanced U.S. military equipment from the Iraqi army.
“What took place was a tactical retreat,” said Brig. Gen. Azad Jalil, a pesh merga commander in the area, describing withdrawals from Qaraqosh and nearby Bartella. Thousands of Christians already had fled to Qaraqosh from Mosul after the extremists gave them three choices: convert to Islam, remain Christian but pay special taxes, or be killed.
A senior official said that more comprehensive assistance would be offered to Iraq as soon as it has chosen an “inclusive government,” a direct reference to the U.S. desire to see Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki replaced with another leader representing Iraq’s Shiite majority. Following an election last spring — in which Maliki’s party won more votes than any other — the new parliament has chosen a president and speaker. It is expected by Sunday to elect a prime minister, a job that Maliki has said he intends to keep.
This article originally appeared in The Washington Post. Morris reported from Baghdad. Mustafa Salim in Baghdad, Ahmed Ramadan in Beirut and William Branigin in Washington contributed to this report.
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